The provisional conclusions have errors and error rates.

Statistics usually produces probabilities conclusions are provisional.

The definition confronts some problems (some are addressed by the source): It is a generalization of lying with statistics which was richly described by examples from statisticians 60 years ago.

The term is not commonly encountered in statistics texts and no authoritative definition is known. One usable definition is: 'Misuse of Statistics: Using numbers in such a manner that – either by intent or through ignorance or carelessness – the conclusions are unjustified or incorrect.' The 'numbers' include misleading graphics discussed elsewhere. Scientists have been known to fool themselves with statistics due to lack of knowledge of probability theory and lack of standardization of their tests.ĭefinition, limitations and context

Professional scientists, even mathematicians and professional statisticians, can be fooled by even some simple methods, even if they are careful to check everything. For example, in medical science, correcting a falsehood may take decades and cost lives. The false statistics trap can be quite damaging for the quest for knowledge. When the statistical reason involved is false or misapplied, this constitutes a statistical fallacy. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. That is, a misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. Statistics, when used in a misleading fashion, can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows. ( November 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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Data dredging